Which heart valves are present?

Which heart valves are present?

• A. Right AV (tricuspid), Pulmonary semilunar, Left AV (bicuspid/mitral), and Aortic semilunar valves
• B. Right AV (tricuspid), Left AV (bicuspid/mitral), and Pulmonary semilunar valves
• C. Left AV (mitral), Aortic semilunar, and Pulmonary semilunar valves
• D. Tricuspid valve only and no semilunar valves listed

Answer: (A)

Blood flow through the heart is controlled by four valves that prevent backflow. Two atrioventricular valves lie between the atria and ventricles: the right AV valve is the tricuspid, and the left AV valve is the mitral (bicuspid). Two semilunar valves sit at the outflow from the ventricles: the pulmonary semilunar valve from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, and the aortic semilunar valve from the left ventricle to the aorta. Together, these four valves cover all the inlets and outlets of the heart, ensuring one-way flow during the cardiac cycle. Therefore, the valves present are the right AV (tricuspid), left AV (mitral/bicuspid), and the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves. Options that omit any of these valves would be incomplete.

Blood flow through the heart is controlled by four valves that prevent backflow. Two atrioventricular valves lie between the atria and ventricles: the right AV valve is the tricuspid, and the left AV valve is the mitral (bicuspid). Two semilunar valves sit at the outflow from the ventricles: the pulmonary semilunar valve from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, and the aortic semilunar valve from the left ventricle to the aorta. Together, these four valves cover all the inlets and outlets of the heart, ensuring one-way flow during the cardiac cycle. Therefore, the valves present are the right AV (tricuspid), left AV (mitral/bicuspid), and the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves. Options that omit any of these valves would be incomplete.